Who Is Given Tests in What Language by Whom, When, and Where? The Need for Probabilistic Views of Language in the Testing of English Language Learners

A third grade ELL Yup'ik student was given a standardized test in math by a
Caucasian third grade teacher in the late 1950's in a boarding school. This student's first language was Yup'ik and was in the third year of learning a second language. Test results were unknown. Then two generations later an ELL student was tested in the third grade in reading, writing, and math by a local native teacher in 2006 in the student's hometown. The student's L1 was local English dialect and Yup'ik as L2. However, the test results were proficient in reading, writing and math. But a little more than half the third grade test results were below proficient. Programs like SES are offered for all students to improve in reading, writing, and math. In the reading for ELL testing, I take it that Torgerson's discussion on deterministic models in testing does not fit the ELL testing. Whereas the probabalistic models would most likely fit in with the ELL testing. Solano-Flores had listed the good "would be" processes for ELL students. When will the ELL student processes become a reality?